William Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet Essay - 700 Words

Jacob Spear Mrs. Murk Honors English 1 30 January 2014 Inescapable Fate Many people don t believe that fate even exists. These people feel that one controls his or her own future. But in the case of the play, Romeo and Juliet written by Willian Shakespeare, this is not true. Romeo and Juliet is a story about two star-crossed lovers who ultimately die due to their fate. Since the moment they first time they met, things began in motion. These two lovers could not have done anything to change their course of fate, thus, why the story of Romeo and Juliet is a story controlled by fate, rather than a tragedy. In the very first act of Romeo and Juliet, Shakespeare clearly states that the play is controlled by fate. In the prologue, it states that a pair of star-cross d lovers take their life (I. Prologue. 5-6). Shakespeare refers to them as star-crossed lovers because they are doomed due to the position of the planets when they were born. In other words, he is saying that these two lovers will die because of fate and will have no way of prevent ing it. Later in that act, shortly after meeting Juliet, Romeo says, I fear, too early: for my mind misgives Some consequence yet hanging in the stars Shall bitterly begin his fearful date With this night s revels and expire the term Of a despised life, clos d in my breast, By some vile forfeit of untimely death. (I. iv. 106-111) Romeo is saying he has a premonition that he will be controlled by fate and eventually lead to aShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1287 Words   |  6 PagesLizzy Baginski English Composition 2 Mr. Spera March 10, 2015 Romeo and Juliet Research Paper The movie Romeo and Juliet is a modern classic film that took place in 1996. Overall this is a timeless story that everyone should go and watch. This movie has an intriguing plot line that tells the story of two feuding families, The Montagues and The Capulets, and how the children of these two different families fall in love. The two children overcome various obstacles such as hiding their chemistry fromRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet 966 Words   |  4 Pages Beauty Over Gold â€Å"Beauty provoketh thieves sooner than gold.--William Shakespeare, 1623. In his book As You Like It, William Shakespeare pointed out the supremacy of love rather than the want of gold and wealth. Truly, beauty is more important to thieves than wealth. Many of the thieves in this world would rather have an elegant woman than to obtain precious rubies. After all, what good is a prosperous man if he doesn’t have a charming woman? Two famous men grab my attention who didn’t fear forRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet Essay1024 Words   |  5 PagesRomeo and Juliet is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare early in his career about two young star-crossed lovers whose deaths ultimately reconcile their feuding families. It was among Shakespeare s most popular plays during his lifetime and, along with Hamlet, is one of his most frequently performed plays. Today, the title characters are regarded as archetypal young lovers. Romeo and Juliet belongs to a tradition of tragic romances stretching back to antiquity. The plot is based on an ItalianRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1124 Words   |  5 PagesThe play Romeo and Juliet is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare early in his career about two young star-crossed lovers whose deaths ultimately reconcile their feuding families. It was among Shakespeare s most popular plays during his lifetime and, along with Hamlet, is one of his most frequently performed plays. Today, the title characters are regarded as archetypal young lovers. Romeo and Juliet belongs to a tradition of tragic romances stretching back to antiquity. Its plot is based onRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet861 Words   |  4 Pagesgreatly shown in the play Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare. It was love at first sight with Romeo Montague and Juliet Capulet. Meeting at a party and falling in love to get married without even spending quality time with each other. Romeo and Juliet couldn t tell there parents because the Capulets and Montagues are long term rivals. Both Romeo and Juliet had to find different ways and excuses to make this marriage work. A big problem was developed. Romeo kills Juliet s cousin and is banishedRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1770 Words   |  8 Pagesof Romeo and Juliet. The story of two destined lovers who were killed by their own doing. But what if they weren t two destined lovers who got unlucky, but doomed partners that were never going to have a good-life to begin with.William Sha kespeare gives us a view of early signs of gang conflict in the early age of Verona, Italy. He gives us a perspective of the norms and customs of Italy during the Setting of William Shakespeare s most famous story. Romeo and Juliet, by William Shakespeare, givesRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1616 Words   |  7 Pageslove can also cause some of life s most controversial battles. These battles could stem from lack of patience, disagreement of moral values, and in some cases, an absence of attraction overall. In Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare, the issues that drive Romeo Montague and Juliet Capulet s to each of their dreadful misfortunes are inevitable. When it comes to many of Shakespeare s plays, Aristotle s theory is used to describe them as tragedies. Romeo and Juliet is known by many as a tragedyRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1264 Words   |  6 Pagestheater-going public the most important dramatist in English literature, Shakespeare oc cupies a well-known position in the world of talented authors. His canon contains thirty-seven plays, written in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. Additionally, throughout the years, they continue to sustain critical attention, with the majority of his works circling tragedies, one being Romeo and Juliet. William Shakespeare s Romeo and Juliet speaks to the timeless appeal of star-crossed lovers. Their loveRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet924 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet is a tragedy that follows the so-called love of two teenagers. The two fall in love at a masked ball and have a secret marriage. Throughout the play, their actions show how ridiculous love is, and how it is a danger to anyone who become twisted in its choking grasp. However, in the death of the youth and survival of the elders, an alternative explanation for the tragic events may be found. Although Shakespeare seems to be mocking love throughout the play, itRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1279 Words   |  6 Pagesour lives. The great, classic writers teach timeless, valuable life skills. Shakespeare was the greatest writer of all time. His writings mainly consisted of dramas and sonnets. Romeo and Juliet, as well as, A MIdsummer Night’s Dream were written about the same time period. He was able to inter relate everything that wrote. For example, the tale of Pyramus and Thisbe could possibly be an advertisement for Romeo and Juliet. The basic structure of the two dramas is the same; two forbidden lovers meet

What Was The Cold War About - 1987 Words

What was the Cold War about? The Cold War was a conflict between the two superpowers in the 20th century: the Soviet Union and the United States of America. There are many arguments what was the conflict about: the general view is it was an ideological, political, economical, cultural and militarial difference between the two states or containment was America’s response for the Soviet expansionism. This difference divided and shaped the world politics, not just the two countries domestic politics. However, John Mueller argued the Cold War was about something else than these differences: the constant fear from the possibility of the spread of the communist ideology which was the most important base of the Soviet Union politics and its†¦show more content†¦However, it is important to know, the Soviet Union could have not face another war, it was as weak as Europe, and the possible threat was more a myth than reality: the USSR lost more people in the war than any other countries: the number is betwe en 7 and 20 million both civilians and military. The USSR and the United States fought as allies against the fascism, and by the end of the war the tension was very noticeable and grew rapidly between the two powers. It is important to examine the post war order; the war had destroyed the former empires and strong counties other than the US and USSR. Their spheres of influence after the war we can easily state that both sides got what they wanted. The fear of Soviet-led Communist world spread in the western countries, and they were not completely wrong. As Raymond Garthoff states the opposition that the US was afraid of the USSR because it was much stronger than it was before the two world wars: â€Å"Within the framework of ideological conflict, the Americans and the Soviets waged the Cold war as a geopolitical struggle, more in terms of traditional balance-of-power politics than in terms of class struggle or global containment/deterrence theory. If ideology was the only thing driving the superpowers in the Cold War, why do we see the conflicts arising from the ashes of World War II rather than as stemming from the October Revolution of 1917?† In my opinion the USSR did not mean aShow MoreRelatedEssay about What Was the Cold War?2291 Words   |  10 PagesWhat Was The Cold War? After World War II America and Russia became superpowers. Even thought they fought together against the Nazis they soon became hostile rivals. Between 1945 and 1989 the two countries and their allies were involved in a conflict known as the Cold War. The United States and the USSR never used weapons directly against each other. So how was the Cold War fought? The Cold War was fought through Proxy Wars, the Nuclear Arms Race, spying, strong words and threats, prestige, and theRead MoreInterview of a Person Who Lived During the Cold War890 Words   |  4 PagesCold War Interview -Yujean Chan 1. What do you remember hearing about the Cold War? What did people say about it? When I was a kid I remember hearing about nuclear weapons on the radio and my parents used to mention it too. I also remember hearing about the Cuban Missile Crisis though I didn’t really understand much about it since I was too young and I lived in Britain so I did not worry about it. I didn’t hear much about the war from friends or in class. I remember hearing about the Russians andRead MoreWhy The Cold War?. By:Nabil.O. Mrs. Stark. English. March826 Words   |  4 PagesWhy the Cold War? By:Nabil.O Mrs. Stark English March 17th 2017 People think the Cold War was like every war where they fought and fought until someone won, but no the Cold War was unique, because a lot of lives would be gone if it was an ordinary war. The Cold War was a result of the U.S/USSR involvement, the different economical ideas, and the authoritative powers of the nations involved. The Cold War started around 1947 after World War II andRead MoreEssay about Ss310 Unit 2 Assignment - Cold War1015 Words   |  5 PagesUnit 2 Assignment – Cold War Tezra Lee Kaplan University The Cold War represents the disputes between the Soviet Union and the United States, and may be the most noteworthy political issue of the late 20th Century. The Cold War was a very political issue because it influenced foreign policies, impacted our economy, and even affected Presidential elections. The United States was worried that the Soviet Union would extend communism throughout Europe with its power and control over smaller andRead MoreConceptions of the Cold War Essay1006 Words   |  5 PagesRADZIK What words or phrases come to mind when you think of the term Cold War? The term Cold War can be defined as the period of political impasse which existed between our country (U.S.A.) and U.S.S.R. from the early 1950s until the fall of Communism in the early 1980s. Words and phrases associated with Cold War include, race to arms, race to space, Bay of Pigs, and The Berlin Wall. Did you ever study the Cold War in school? If so, what are some aspects of the Cold War that youRead MoreQuestions About the Cold War: Responses and Conceptions1047 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Cold War Introduction Right after the Japanese surrendered to the Allies, and after Hitlers Nazi regime had been defeated, there was a struggle between the U.S. (and democratic allies of the U.S.) and the Soviet Union for power and influence in the post-WWII world. This struggle was called the Cold War, and it entailed many events and a great deal of tension between the forces of communism and those of democracy. American diplomat George Kennan explained that the Soviet Union was †¦a politicalRead MoreNuclear War1088 Words   |  5 PagesTalks between the U.S and the Soviet Union let by Vladimir Putin concerning a ban on nuclear testing started in the mid-1950s. Trusted officials from both sides came to believe that a nuclear arms race was going to reach a dangerous level. In addition, public protest against testing of nuclear weapons was gaining power. Nevertheless, talks between the two sides carried on for years, usually coming apart when the issues of verification were raised. Both the U.S and t he British greatly wanted on-site inspectionsRead MoreTaking a Look at the Cold War1237 Words   |  5 Pagescovering is the Cold War and question number six. The Roosevelt Administration was determined to avoid a retreat like the one that followed WWI. The United States itself had sole possession of the atomic bomb. The United States goal was to expand democracy. America saw that there needed to be global economic reconstruction. The Soviets looked to model the rest of the world after their own values and origins. It indeed had to do with Soviet Expansion. The Russians didn’t want to go to war with the UnitedRead MoreUnderstanding the Cold War Today652 Words   |  3 Pagesunderstand the Cold War today. For example, what do everyday people today think of when they hear the term Cold War? This is what you are going to find out! Each of the three people whom I asked was unanimously ignorant about the Cold War. Two of them knew something about it, but lacked the immediate sense that those living in the era possessed. Interview One The person was born in the 1970s and came of age in the 1980s. Although she may have experienced something of the Cold War climate in herRead MoreRethinking Cold War History, By John Lewis Gaddis1340 Words   |  6 PagesGaddis, John L. We Now Know: Rethinking Cold War History. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press1997. We Now Know: Rethinking Cold War History, is a book about the Cold War. This book was written by John Lewis Gaddis. John L. Gaddis is a Cold War historian. He portrays the Cold War in English and through the dialect of others. The thesis of this book is, I seek to situate this book at a particular point in time, not to claim timelessness for it. This is what I think we know now but did not know

Victoria University Information Systems Consulting

Question: Discuss about the Victoria University Information Systems Consulting. Answer: Introduction Scuba Booking System has been developed to overcome the manual errors and difficulties in the methodology followed by Sub-Sea adventure. The document would focus upon the user training requirements for the new system. There would be five broad phases in the project viz. define, measure, analyse, improve and control. The staff that would be employed to execute each of these tasks would include Project Manager, Business Analyst, Consultants, Administrative Staff, Technical Support Staff, Helpdesk staff, Technical Writers and Trainers. Each of the phases in the project would have a number of underlying sub-phases which would help in the simpler execution of each of the step and would also help in the better understanding for the management team (Chittoor, 2012). Project scope The basic aim of the project would be to deliver an automated booking system for Sub-Sea Adventures in order to overcome the manual errors in the process. The business needs that would be addressed by the system would be to have an easy-to-use and an easy to understand automated system in place. There would be a number of benefits that will be achieved through the system which are as described below: The errors that the manual system is prone to will be overcome by an automated system. The users will be trained on the new system which would make them adapt to the changes quickly and also understand each and every single feature of the same. It would also help the users to gain knowledge of the probable risks and the measures to adapt in case of an occurrence of such an event. Transitioning of the system all of a sudden often leads to uncomfortable users which causes decrease in productivity and efficiency. Proper rounds of training would help in the avoidance of such scenarios as the users will have complete clarity of the system. The project would focus upon maintaining the maximum clarity among the users with an intent to explain and discuss each of the functionality and feature of the system in finest detail to leave no scope for the doubts and confusions. Project approach The approach that would be followed by the project would be the Sig Sigma approach which would be divided in five key phases as: Define 6 days Measure 3 days Analyse and execute 12 days Improve 5 days Control 5 days There would be sub-phases in each of the five phases. Define phase would be the initial phase which would revolve around the basic planning that would be needed to understand the objectives and aim. The next phase would be the measure phase wherein the roles and responsibilities of each trainer would be quantified as per the needs of the users and the strength of the same (Umsl.edu, 2016). Analyse and execute would include the actual execution of the training program followed by the steps to improve the same and to provide trainings for the users who missed out earlier. It would also include the query resolution and a round of frequently asked questions. The last phase would be of monitoring and control which shall include the doubts raised by the users during the actual hands-on the system (Contentextra, 2016). Resources The people that would be necessary during the project would include the following (Projectsmart, 2016): Project Manager Business Analyst Consultants Administrative Staff Technical Support Help-desk Technical Writers Trainers The hardware requirements of the project would include: Machine in the form of tablet or a computer system to run the application and that shall be enabled with camera, speakers and microphones. An external server of email/messaging. Server for the purpose of storing the homework. Server for the storage of information around tutor and student information. Multiple external servers for publishing purpose. Budget The overall cost that would be spent on the project would revolve around the two major categories as: Hardware Cost People Cost The entire budget for the project would come out to be AU$22500. Cash Flow Project schedule Project start date: 20th June 2016 Project end date: 25st July 2016 Project duration: 26 days (Gantt.com, 2016) References Chittoor, R. (2012). Six Sigma and Project Management. [online] Project-Management.com. Contentextra, (2016). Gantt.com. (2016). What is a Gantt Chart? Gantt Chart Information, history and Software. Projectsmart, (2016). Umsl.edu. (2016). Project Management: Tools Techniques.

Marketing Mix for Banking Sector Essay Sample free essay sample

The deregulating of the Nigerian economic system through SAP affected the Nigerian fiscal system in many ways ( Umunnaehila. 1996 ) . These include methods of licencing new Bankss and fiscal establishments. the pricing of credits and sedimentations. foreign exchange direction. the sectoral matrix of credits and sedimentations. and banks’ subdivision networking. among others. The restructuring policy of SAP. besides. brought deregulatings in the Nigerian banking system which encouraged many new Bankss to come in into the Nigerian banking industry. the consequences of which were shown in intense competition within and without the Nigerian banking industry. This increased competition resulted in Bankss seeking for clients and planing services that would run into clients’ demands and wants. Consequently. Nigerian Bankss started planing new attacks and schemes to guarantee endurance and growing ( Umoh. 1992 ) . However. the public presentation of Bankss in the Nigerian banking system does non look to hold been good plenty because while some Bankss appear to hold brought dynamism. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Mix for Banking Sector Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page challenges. competition. and growing in the banking sector. others seem to hold lost some of the assurance which their clients had in them. in add-on to hapless public presentation indices in their operations. which have resulted into all signifiers of hurt. This ill-defined nature of the effectivity of the attacks utilised by Nigerian Bankss to get by with alterations in the banking environment constituted the major research job of this survey. The hapless status of some Nigerian Bankss is a map of some interconnected jobs. Harmonizing to Sheng ( 1991 ) . the causes of bank hurt. or hapless public presentation. are due to micro-economic factors ( bank direction patterns and schemes ) or macroeconomic factors ( environmental factors ) . Mamman and Oluyemi ( 1994 ) have. nevertheless. posited that bank failure/poor public presentation in Nigeria is a map of misdirection of relevant dimensions of organizational activities. Informed normative idea is of the feeling that high quality of direction is a major consideration which differentiates first-class ( effectual ) Bankss from less successful ( uneffective ) Bankss. and this is in contrast to the feeling that macro economic variables are the outstanding factors in all banking failures ( Aristobulo. 1991 ) . Faced with the obliging demand to accomplish their organisational ends. Nigerian Bankss can research new avenues. attacks. schemes or patterns to accomplish set ends and aims. Many attacks can be used to accomplish set corporate ends and aims. These attacks are by and large called strategic direction. and the push on strategic direction has given rise to strategic selling ( Jain. 1983 ) . Marketing considerations. together with those of other functional countries of concern. play an of import function in planing and implementing corporate policies and schemes. Once corporate policies and schemes are designed and implemented. the function of selling is to lend to their accomplishment ( Cravens. Hill A ; Woodruff. 1980 ) . Marketing success is a major determiner of organizational success ( Adler. 1967 ) . and the hereafter endurance and growing of any administration ( including Bankss ) in an economic system can be said to be a map of the efficiency and effectivity of its selling patt erns ( Udel. 1972 ) . The alterations in the Nigerian banking system demand the acceptance of efficient and effectual selling schemes. Nigerian Bankss need to set to the alterations in the banking industry. To understand and take advantage of the alterations in the industry. which may be chances or menaces. Nigerian Bankss need to understand the of import factors determining the Nigerian banking industry and the relevant strategic determinations to be taken. These strategic determinations must take into history the relevant competitory. economic. political. regulative. legal. technological. and socio-cultural factors. in add-on to sing their strengths and failings. among others. Harmonizing to Johne and Davies ( 1999 ) organisations sing competitory concern menace can run expeditiously and efficaciously through the selling schemes of market invention ( i. vitamin E by bettering the mix of market sections served ) . merchandise invention ( i. e. by bettering the mix of merchandises and services offered to clients and clients ) and process invention ( i. e. by bettering the mix and efficiency of internal operations ) . By and large. it is claimed by marketing analysts and practicians that selling inputs are of import ingredients for accomplishing effectivity ( Day A ; Reibstein. 1997 ; Kim A ; Mauborgne. 1997 ; Johne. 1999 ) . Selling. besides. has been implicated as the most open organisational concern map to alterations in environmental factors ( Mann. 1980 ) . Therefore. selling of banking services in Nigeria requires a strategic attack in order to be efficient and effectual ( Nwachukwu. 1993 ) . Ads by Google Pure Sine Wave Inverters1000W – 6000W now in stock. Affordable A ; Durable. Buy Now!World Wide Web. solarshopnigeria. comProject Topics A ; MaterialGet your undertaking subjects and undertaking stuffsWorld Wide Web. grossarchive. comNon Corrosive ValvesValves. Gaskets. Actuators A ; Spares Import. Supply. Recondition World Wide Web. Celt. co. zaThis survey is likely to be utile to fiscal establishments. service houses. and professional directors who are invariably looking for marketing attacks. patterns and schemes that can be used to accomplish organizational ends and aims. Besides. authoritiess. organisations. and persons concerned with explicating banking policies and schemes can profit from this survey. Finally. this research survey is expected to excite research involvements among faculty members. bookmans. and pupils in other facets of bank services direction. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK Selling schemes and tactics are concerned with taking determinations on a figure of variables to act upon mutually- fulfilling exchange minutess and relationships. Typically. sellers have a figure of tools they can utilize. and these include megagmarketing ( Kotler. 1986 ) and the alleged 4ps of selling ( McCarthy. 1975 ) . among others. This subdivision of the paper examines certain relevant dimensions of selling scheme and effectivity in the undermentioned subdivisions. Marketing Research Researching the market for any merchandise or service is undertaken to garner relevant information and information that aid a figure of marketing direction determinations. which include the development of a new merchandise. alteration of an bing merchandise. the content of advertisement. pricing degree. distribution channels. client and client behavior. among others. The effectivity of marketing research is frequently studied in relation to specific selling determinations. Its importance as a selling variable has been recognized over clip ( Rothwell et al. . 1974 ; British Institute of Management. 1975 ; Baker A ; Abou-Zeid. 1982 ; Connell. 1979 ; Takeuchi A ; Quelch. 1983 ; Alexander. 1985 ; Walsh A ; Roy. 1983 ; among others ) . It seems logical. hence. to speculate that market research has a positive influence on organizational performance/effectiveness. Given the dictate of the selling construct that the customer/client is. or should be. the focal point of the organisation. it is self-evident that marketing and market research be included in an organization’s operations that result into managerial effectivity. However. probes of the being and effectivity of selling and market research have been called into some inquiry. Criticism by Ames ( 1970 ) . Wilson ( 1984 ) and King ( 1985 ) . among others. has emphasised that numbering the figure of caputs in marketing research sections. or gauging selling research budgets. focal points on the furnishings of selling. non its substance. While much research exists which can assist companies implement marketing research schemes and policies. comparatively small work has been done which suggests how these marketing research variables relate to organizational public presentation and effectivity. either in absolute footings or in relation to other selling factors ( Baker A ; Hart. 1989 ) . Merchandise Scheme Some normative and empirical research workers have posited that. finally. organizational effectivity is a map of its merchandise or service policy ( Baker. 1985 ; Majaro. 1977 ; Borden. 1963 ; Aluko. 1983 ) . For illustration. â€Å"Price† is the monetary value of the merchandise or service. â€Å"advertising† is the advertisement of the merchandise or service. â€Å"distribution† is the distribution of the merchandise or service. and â€Å"promotion† is the publicity of the merchandise or service. All of these are merchandise considerations ( Kent. 1984 ) . NEDO ( 1977 ) published a survey on non-price factors act uponing export public presentation or effectivity. and one of the major facets of the research was defined as merchandise. including design. dependability. specification. bringing. and after-sales service. The necessity of merchandise invention is widely recognised as being of critical importance. non merely to organisational and strategic effectivity. but besides to a state ( Baker. 1985 ; Kotler. 1980 ) . It is to be noted. nevertheless. that the many factors which comprise merchandise or service policy. ( such as merchandise distinction. design. public presentation. dependability. technological promotion. superior fabrication. new merchandise development. merchandise alterations. variegation. etc ) are organic ways of deriving competitory advantage and accomplishing organisational success and effectivity. King ( 1985 ) . in an appraisal of selling. makes the point that â€Å"Real† marketing’s take-off point is planing a merchandise or service to run into the demands and wants of a group of clients or clients. It embraces suitableness for intent. quality. design. handiness. after gross revenues service. and other facets of a customer’s/client’s relationshi p with a merchandise trade name. Promotional Strategy The quality of a product/service can be enhanced by what Piercy ( 1982 ) calls ‘marketing intangibles’ . A figure of surveies have included ‘service’ on the list of factors separating merchandise success from failure. For illustration. in the list of strengths displayed by Nipponese industry. Baranson ( 1980 ) included ‘financial support’ and ‘after-sales service’ . The gross revenues squad can be a beginning of competitory advantage and effectivity for a company. Piercy ( 1985 ) notes that the critical success factor ( CSF ) in the sampled companies was aggressive merchandising. Similarly. Baker and Abou-Zeid ( 1982 ) show that in award-winning British companies. personal merchandising was the most widely used method of publicity. A great trade has been written sing the comparative success of assorted merchandising manners and a assorted gross revenues properties. Complex theoretical accounts have been developed to help the determinations cardinal to the direction of gross revenues forces in the field. viz. : apportioning selling attempt and puting gross revenues force size ; territorial design ; gross revenues calculating ; rating and control ( Bestwick A ; Cravens. 1977 ) . Gross saless volume is besides seen to be a map of environmental factors. company selling scheme and tactics. sales-force administration. and policies and processs such a s administration. deployment of resources. recruiting and choice. preparation. wagess and inducements. rating and control ( Walker. Churchill A ; Ford. 1979 ; Ryans A ; Weinberg. 1981 ; Avlonitis. Boyle A ; Kouremenos. 1985 ) . Personal merchandising is an of import selling tool. which depends for its success/effectiveness on a figure of factors such as administration. preparation. wage and motive. supervising. and rating ( Baker A ; Hart. 1989 ) . Contemporary strategic selling pattern calls for more than developing a good merchandise or service. pricing it adequately. and doing it available to aim clients or clients. Organizations should besides advance their merchandises and services to show and possible clients and clients. Udel ( 1968 ) identified selling publicities as the most of import aspect of marketing scheme taking to effectiveness. Advertising. an facet of promotional scheme. has both an enlightening and persuasive function. and in this regard can change customers’/clients’ perceptual experiences of a merchandise or service. As Pickering ( 1976 ) suggests. advertisement can increase trade name trueness. thereby decreasing monetary value snap through increased distinction. Bain ( 1956 ) posits that advertisement can hold a cumulative and long permanent consequence on organizational and strategic public presentation. Pricing Scheme Some surveies have included monetary value on the list of critical factors. which determine success and effectivity. Atkin and Skinner ( 1975 ) . for illustration. uncover that companies regard pricing policy/strategy as being either critical or most of import to their concern public presentation and effectivity. Besides. Mikesell and Farah ( 1980 ) postulate that the diminution of the USA portion of the markets in developing states was chiefly due to monetary value factors. By contrast. a figure of authors maintain that monetary value is the least of import determiner of demand. Posner and Steel ( 1979 ) . for illustration. postulate that non-price factors are paramount in advanced states. Such a position is upheld by the surveies of Kavis and Lipsey ( 1971 ) . Udell ( 1964 ) and Patchford and Ford ( 1976 ) . Obviously. there is great diverseness of position with respect to the comparative importance of monetary value and non-price factors in finding the success and effectivity of schemes and companies. Megamarketing Scheme In add-on to the traditional selling mix elements ( i. e. . the alleged 4Ps of marketing ) of merchandise. monetary value. topographic point. and publicity. marketing executives can utilize the tool of megamarketing to accomplish selling aims ( Kotler. 1986 ) . Megamarketing is the strategically coordinated usage of economic. psychological. political. and public dealingss accomplishments to derive the co-operation and apprehension of some relevant parties in order to come in and/or operate in a given market expeditiously and efficaciously. Selling is concerned with the direction of mutually-satisfying exchange minutess and relationships between and among the relevant parties. However. it is sometimes desirable to make extra inducements. services. and force per unit areas for non-customers/clients. Megamarketing. therefore. takes an hypertrophied position of the accomplishments and resources needed to come in and run in certain markets or sections. In add-on to fixing attractive merchandise or offers for clients or clients. megamarketing may utilize connexions with powerful people in places of authorization to corner selling occupations. Besides. state of affairss exist where markets in which the established participants or approvers have made it hard for companies with similar or even better selling offers to come in or run. The troubles or barriers can be in signifier of prejudiced legal demands. political favoritism. trust understandings. societal or cultural prejudices. unfriendly distribution channels. and refusals to collaborate. among others. These challenges and troubles can be handled via megamarketing scheme. Sellers have traditionally defined selling environment as those external factors. which can non be controlled by an administration. But megamarketing postulates that environmental factors can be handled through lobbying. legal action. dialogue. public dealingss. among others ( Zeithaml A ; Zeithaml. 1984 ) . Besides. traditionally. it is assumed and posited. through Say’s Law of economic sciences. that demand creates its ain supply. But some markets can be blocked sometimes. thereby making supply deficits. and this may ask the usage of megamarketing scheme. Distribution Scheme An of import proposition in selling and economic sciences is that ingestion depends on availability/distribution ( Baker. 1980/81 ) . But despite its obvious importance. distribution remains a mostly ignored subject in selling ( Baker. 1992 ; Drucker. 1962 ) . The selling director has two cardinal options with regard to distribution scheme: he can either seek to work closely with mediators. or else presume their maps and force his merchandises or services through the distribution channel ; or he can seek to set up a franchise with ultimate consumers or clients and hence draw his merchandise or service through. Push strategies normally emphasize personal merchandising. while pull schemes tend to stress advertisement and gross revenues publicity ( Baker. 1992 ) . When choosing a channel of distribution for corporate effectivity. a selling director should pay particular attending to environmental factors. merchandise and market features. and company’s strengths and failings. amon g others. When sing distribution policy and scheme. corporate selling directors might seek to derive competitory advantage by seeking a higher degree of customer/client service. In this context. customer/client service is seen to intend all facets of the distribution procedure. which add value to the exchange dealing from the customer/client position ( Wilson. Gilligan A ; Pearson. 1992 ) . However. higher degrees of customer/client service can intend higher costs of distribution. and this might. therefore. cut down a company’s monetary value fight and effectivity. Wilson ( 1979 ) highlights the necessity to see costs as a whole since a decrease in one country can bring forth a disproportional addition in another country. For illustration. it might be cheaper and more efficient to utilize an expensive agencies of transit ( e. g. air ) than to keep a figure of local warehouses. The distribution scheme is perchance more hard to pull off than the other elements of the selling mix because its operational determinations involve other maps to a greater extent. It is possibly because of this organisational atomization of duty in distribution scheme activities that the thought of distribution as an integrative activity in concern has merely comparative and late developed ( Wilson. Gilligan A ; Pearson. 1992 ) . The demand for scrutinizing all the marketing-mix elements stems from alteration. and the distribution component of the selling mix has. possibly. been capable to more alterations than any other component of the selling mix in some states. For illustration. in the UK. significant alterations have been observed in containerisation. computerisation. and distribution channels ( Wilson. Gilligan A ; Pearson. 1992 ) . Harmonizing to Chen ( 1999 ) . in an industry. which is every bit complicated as the fiscal industry. there is no simple expression. which can foretell successful and unsuccessful organisations from the environing environment. Critical Success factors ( CSFs ) and a company’s competitory ability and capableness are the outstanding ingredients for competitory advantage ( Bamberger. 1989 ) . Therefore. an appropriate designation of a bank’s CSFs can supply an avenue for measuring and constructing up its effectivity and competitory advantage ( Sheng. 1999 ) . Corporate concern scheme ( in selling. operations/production. finance. and forces. among others ) has been identified as an effectual scheme that influences resource allotment. competitory advantage. and accordingly. corporate efficiency and effectivity ( Hofer A ; Schendel. 1978 ) . This research focused on the effectivity of marketing schemes in Nigerian Bankss. STUDY METHODOLOGY This subdivision of this paper presents the informations aggregation and analysis attacks used in this survey. Specifically. the chapter describes the survey population. sample size. research instruments. and informations analysis techniques. among others. Population and Sample Size The population for this survey consisted of the Bankss in Nigeria. most of them holding their central offices in Lagos State of Nigeria. These Bankss were the commercial Bankss. the merchandiser Bankss. development Bankss. and community Bankss. The Bankss ranged from little to big Bankss runing in Nigerian metropoliss. communities. and small towns. The information for this survey. which was a subset of a larger survey. were collected from a sample of thirty-nine accredited Nigerian Bankss runing in Lagos State of Nigeria. All the four large Nigerian Bankss ( First Bank. Union Bank. United Bank for Africa. and Afribank ) were included in the sample. These four large Bankss at a clip accounted for more than 60 per centum ( 60 % ) of banking activities in Nigeria ( Ndekwu. 1994 ) . Since the usage of simple random trying would hold resulted in an over-representation of the little Bankss ( Kim A ; Lim. 1988 ) . the thirty- nine Bankss were selected on the footing of graded sampling technique. Subject ( Ss ) for the research survey consisted of marketing executives in the sampled thirty-nine Nigerian Bankss. The respondents consisted of Assistant General Managers. Senior Managers. Managers. Assistant Managers. and Officers responsible for marketing activities in their Bankss. The ages of these respondents ranged from 26 to 53 old ages. The working experience of the respondents ranged from 2 to 33 old ages. with most of the respondents holding really high formal instruction ; merely five respondents had Diploma certifications in banking. Besides. one respondent had a grade of Ph. D. while one hundred and seventy seven ( 177 ) respondents had Bachelors and Masters grades with professional makings in banking and accounting. One can. therefore. anticipate that these respondents were qualified plenty to measure the selling schemes and effectivity of their several Bankss. Therefore. topic to the usual methodological restrictions imposed by a study research attack. the informatio n gathered for this research may be regarded as a rich information set. Research Instrument Three hundred and 40 ( 340 ) transcripts of the research instrument ( questionnaire ) were administered to marketing executives of the sampled thirty- nine licensed Nigerian Bankss runing in Lagos State of Nigeria. To acquire the co-operation of the respondents. the nature and intent of the research survey were explained to the respondents. The respondents were. besides. promised complimentary transcripts of the research study ( as response incentive ) if they so desired. Using senior bank executives who were undergoing a six-month preparation at the University of Lagos Nigeria. a pilot survey of three Nigerian Bankss was undertaken in order to prove and better the research instrument. Besides. during the pilot survey. cross-interviews were conducted. whenever possible. with top executives of some Nigerian Bankss who were non respondents to the pilot survey. This was done to better the quality of the research instrument. Of the 340 transcripts of the questionnaire. 194 transcripts were returned. Merely 183 transcripts of the returned questionnaire were found completed and useable. ensuing in an effectual response rate of 54 % . This response rate is moderately better than some response rates in old surveies affecting Nigerian managers/executive ( Michell A ; Agenmonmen. 1984 ; Okoroafo. 1993 ) . Harmonizing to Chen ( 1999 ) . a response rate of 38 % is typical of study research works affecting Bankss. Besides. there is the possibility that respondents were more likely than non-respondents to prosecute in strategic selling pattern. Section A of the research instrument required the respondents to bespeak the accent their Bankss have placed on specific facets of selling schemes utilizing a six-point graduated table runing from â€Å"Very high emphasis† ( 5 ) to â€Å"No accent at all† ( 0 ) . Section B consists of subdivisions B1 and B2. Subsection B1 of the research instrument required the topics to supply some quantitative informations of their banks’ public presentation with regard to average gross earning. mean market portion. mean selling cost as a per centum of entire cost. and mean net income before revenue enhancement. Subsection B2 asked respondents to bespeak the comparative effectivity of their banks’ selling schemes in accomplishing their banks’ public presentation steps. runing from â€Å"very effective† ( 5 ) to â€Å"Not effectual at all† ( 0 ) . Section C of the research instrument asked respondents to supply some of their personal informations ( age. working experience. educational making. and the position/title of respondent ) . Respondents were besides. asked to name five managerial jobs impacting the effectivity of strategic selling patterns in their Bankss. and were required to propose solutions to the identified jobs. These identified jobs and solutions were utilized in discoursing the findings of this research survey. Operationalization of Research Variables Two major variables were used in this research. They include marketing scheme variables. and bank public presentation variables. Marketing Strategy Variables were developed from relevant literature ( Udel. 1972 ; Kotler. 1986 ; Bush A ; Brobst. 1979 ; Baker A ; Hart. 1989 ) . These marketing scheme variables include merchandise scheme. promotional scheme. pricing scheme. distribution scheme. and mega-marketing scheme. These five wide selling scheme variables were operationalised into twenty- seven ( 27 ) points. Bank public presentation variables were both quantitative and qualitative. Quantitative bank public presentation variables were provided by respondents in the questionnaire on mean gross earning. mean market portion. mean selling cost. and mean net income in the last five old ages. Qualitative informations on bank public presentation were obtained from respondents’ perceptual response on the extent to which the undermentioned public presentation steps have been achieved utilizing their banks’ selling schemes: Net income. Market portion. Selling cost. Gross net incomes. Capital employed. Asset quality. Quality of selling direction pattern. Liquidity. Employee turnover of top selling staff. Management of departmental crisis. The selling public presentation steps were developed from the plants of Mathew. Buzzell. Levitt. and Frank 1964. and the modified bank performance/CAMEL steps of Adewunmi ( 1985 ) . which comprise Capital adequateness. Asset quality. Management pattern. Net incomes. and Liquidity ( CAMEL ) . The normative and empirical plants of Leithmann and Hulbert ( 1972 ) . Lassitz and Greene ( 1975 ) . Kinnear and Taylor ( 1983 ) . Levine ( 1981 ) . Blalock ( 1979 ) . Wimmer and Dominik ( 1987 ) . Perry ( 1981 ) Nie et Al ( 1975 ) . Labovitz ( 1970. 1975 ) . Abelson and Turkey ( 1970 ) . Tips ( 1975 ) . McNemar ( 1972 ) and Ekpo-Ufot. 1992. among others. provided the rational prop for the measuring graduated table. dependability and cogency. and the information analysis methods used in this research. The dependability of the research instrument was determined by utilizing the Levine ( 1981 ) version of split-half dependability trial and Cronbach alpha expression. Split-half dependability coefficients were non calculated for some of the steps in the research instrument because these steps did non run into the status for spilt-half method ( Goode A ; Hatt. 1952 ) . The deliberate dependability coefficients met Srinivasan’s ( 1985 ) acceptableness standard of 0. 7 or higher dependability values. Furthermore. Chen ( 1999 ) posits that a dependability coefficient of 0. 5 or higher is considered sufficient when covering with explorative research combined with nullified informations. Statistical analysis used included descriptive statistics and Pearson’s merchandise minute correlativity analysis. All the information analysis process ( descriptive statistics and Pearson’s merchandise minute correlativity analysis ) was accomplished utilizing the IBM SPSS/PC+ computi ng machine bundle. Data analysis was done at 95 % assurance degree or higher RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Effectiveness of Strategic Marketing Practices Table 2. 0 presents the descriptive statistics of the effectivity of strategic selling patterns of the studied Bankss. The determination shows that strategic selling patterns have been moderately effectual in Bankss. with strategic selling effectivity being highest in C26 ( plus quality ) . C25 ( capital employed ) and C2 ( liquidness ) . The kernel of strategic selling is to accomplish set aims. and these aims can be measured in footings of net income. market portion. selling cost. gross net incomes. capital employed. plus quality. quality of marketing direction. liquidness. turnover of marketing staff. and direction of section crisis. The effectivity of strategic selling pattern in the studied Bankss is promoting. with the highest degree of effectivity ( 96. 1 % ) shown in plus quality. capital employed. and liquidness. These are the CAMEL steps of public presentation. Harmonizing to Umoh ( 1992 ) . the effectivity of banks’ schemes determines the endurance and growing of banking system in Nigeria. particularly in an ever-changing banking environment. and it is conventional in banking to measure the effectivity of a bank through the CAMEL ( C = Capital Employed ; A = Assets quality ; M = quality of Management ; E = Earnings. and L = Liquidity ) step. Effective bank direction through strategic selling aids in the employment of capital raised. and manages the banks’ plus portfolio in feasible concern options so that the assets are seen to be executing and giving returns. The selling schemes of Bankss. in order to demo sensible degrees of effectivity along the CAMEL steps. have to stress a selling direction squad with foresight. experience. and commitment towards the endurance and growing of the bank. among others. Oluyemi ( 1995 ) posits that the most widely recognized step of public presentation of accredited bank is current profitableness. which is measured in footings of return on assets and return on equity. For illustration. return on equity measures the extent to which banks’ strategic selling patterns have created value from the financess provided by bank proprietors. A Nigerian bank that creates relatively big sums of value ( in relation to its equity ) through is strategic selling patterns can be said to demo high degree of effectivity. And as table 2. 0 shows. the studied Bankss have shown appreciable degrees of effectivity utilizing the identified steps of public presentation. The Relationship Between Emphasis on Marketing Strategy Variables and Performance Measures Table 3. 0 presents the correlativity between accent on dimensions of selling scheme ( B1 1 to B1 32 ) and quantitative steps of public presentation ( C1 I to C1 four ) . The important quantitative selling public presentation steps of mean gross net incomes ( C1i ) . mean market portion ( C1ii ) . selling cost ( C1iii ) . and mean net income ( C1iv ) were predicated to be positively associated with accent on each of the selling schemes. Sixty of the 128 coefficients ( 47 % ) are statistically important at 95 % assurance degree or higher. The information can. therefore. be accepted as above opportunity. The best forecaster of gross net incomes ( C1i ) is pricing scheme ( B1 30 ) with a correlativity coefficient of 0. 4219. P

Free Essays on Stereotypes

From the articles I have read, they make it seem like the only good basketball players are black basketball player. But that’s not true because what about the basketball players from other countries like Yao Ming, Steve Nash, Toni Kukoc, and that is just to name a few. But you never hear about the stereo types of these people. You think it was easy for them. No, I don’t know too much about the other ones, but I know it wasn’t no cake walk for Yao Ming. I know he had to fight the whole country to get where he’s at but you never hear about these people or what about Larry Bird he came from a small country town, but you never here about there people. All you hear about is the negative image of black people and sports. But how can you have these stereo types to black people because of a few bad seeds? I think that’s wrong; for example, how in the book the last shot; the author say the basketball player fail to achieve humble scores on sat’s or that one of the player became homeless because he chose to play basketball or one man, tried to committee suicide because he could not play basketball any more. I think it’s wrong to exploit people like this. How do you know it wasn’t money problem or family problems? It’s very hard to get a good job no matter where you get your education from. Don’t get me wrong, yes some of what is written is true, and some isn’t true. Some black people use basketball as a way out of the ghetto, but the other half turns to basketball because that’s all they know. Those who use basketball to get out of the ghetto are the ones who make it; they see basketball as a light. Because being raised around crime all your life, you have to find some way to forget all the bad things that’s happening around you. It’s not all about having fun. Think about it basketball has it’s own way of bring black people together for one common goal to rout for his or her team when they could be on the corner... Free Essays on Stereotypes Free Essays on Stereotypes What are stereotypes? The working definition: A stereotype is a positive or negative set of beliefs held by an individual about the characteristics of a group of people. It varies in its accuracy, the extent to which it captures the degree to which the stereotyped group members possess these traits, and the extent to which the set of beliefs is shared by others. Stereotypes include or are formed by the suspicions, or expectancies we have about others, and these in turn shape what we perceive and influence our behavior toward a person. Jussim, McCauley and Lee (1995) propose that stereotypes may be conceived along two independent dimensions; accuracy (accurate vs. inaccurate) and valence (positive vs. negative). They suggest that negative stereotypes can be accurate (blacks are poorer than whites), positive stereotypes can be inaccurate (beautiful people are not better) and they can be accurate (people who make more money do tend to have higher IQs). Also, Jussim, McCauley, and Lee (1995) list the many problems stereotyping can cause in social perception and judgment : - Stereotypes are factually incorrect. - Stereotypes are illogical in origin. - Stereotypes are based on prejudice. - Those who hold stereotypes are irrationally resistant to new information. - Stereotypes exaggerate group differences. - Stereotypes are ethnocentric. - Stereotypes imply genetic origins of group differences. - Stereotypes underestimate out-group variability. - Stereotypes lead people to ignore individual differences. - Stereotypes lead to biased perceptions of individuals. - Stereotypes create self-fulfilling prophecies. Stereotypes as Individual or Consensus Beliefs – Ashmore and Del Boca (1981) describe three approaches to studying and understanding stereotypes: Cognitive approach – Stereotype simply viewed as a cognitive representation of social information about people and groups of people. Psych... Free Essays on Stereotypes Stereotypes Discrimination is seen in our minds as images that show a specific feature or trait about one group. These are prejudgments or stereotypes W.T. Lhamon Jr say that: "People simplify the intellectual images they maintain of specific ethnic groups, including their own, often in cruel or damaging ways. Poor white Southerners ("Crackers") are said to be slow, red-necked, and fat. Immigrant Italians ("Wops") are said to be short, oily, and hot-tempered. Upper-class whites ("WASPs") are said to be greedy, emotionally cold, and haughty. Negroes ("Niggers") are said to be stupid, promiscuous, and happy. These generalizations are not accurate, but they are spread widely - not only by word of mouth but also through images in television, movies, newspapers, music, comic books, talk shows, pseudo-scientific research, and even textbooks," (Lhamon Jr. 1) There are many reasons why individuals become prejudice. This could be how that individual was raised or something that they have seen or experienced during their lifetime. These stereotypes are based on what others tell us coming from families, teachers, friends, and the media. Prejudice is something that we experience in our everyday life through stereotypes. These stereotypes seem harmless but eventually lead to discrimination. Unfortunately, people feel stereotypes in the workplace, at school, and in our everyday society. These prejudices come about in many ways, one of which is through family life. The parents have their own beliefs and consequently the children eventually feel the same way because they do not know differently. In Flannery O’Connor’s short story â€Å"Everything That Rises Must Converge,† you see how because Julian’s mother had grown up in a society that thought they were better then blacks and she thought that she was better then blacks (247). The parent’s influence is one of the largest components that lead to prejudice in our society. This infl... Free Essays on Stereotypes From the articles I have read, they make it seem like the only good basketball players are black basketball player. But that’s not true because what about the basketball players from other countries like Yao Ming, Steve Nash, Toni Kukoc, and that is just to name a few. But you never hear about the stereo types of these people. You think it was easy for them. No, I don’t know too much about the other ones, but I know it wasn’t no cake walk for Yao Ming. I know he had to fight the whole country to get where he’s at but you never hear about these people or what about Larry Bird he came from a small country town, but you never here about there people. All you hear about is the negative image of black people and sports. But how can you have these stereo types to black people because of a few bad seeds? I think that’s wrong; for example, how in the book the last shot; the author say the basketball player fail to achieve humble scores on sat’s or that one of the player became homeless because he chose to play basketball or one man, tried to committee suicide because he could not play basketball any more. I think it’s wrong to exploit people like this. How do you know it wasn’t money problem or family problems? It’s very hard to get a good job no matter where you get your education from. Don’t get me wrong, yes some of what is written is true, and some isn’t true. Some black people use basketball as a way out of the ghetto, but the other half turns to basketball because that’s all they know. Those who use basketball to get out of the ghetto are the ones who make it; they see basketball as a light. Because being raised around crime all your life, you have to find some way to forget all the bad things that’s happening around you. It’s not all about having fun. Think about it basketball has it’s own way of bring black people together for one common goal to rout for his or her team when they could be on the corner...

How to Use Adjectives in English

How to Use Adjectives in English An adjective describes how something is. For this reason, we often use the verb to be when using adjectives. Adjectives are used to describe nouns. There are two types of sentences we use with adjectives, which are detailed below. Subject To Be Adjective Example: Tom is shy.Alice is happy. Subject Verb Adjective Noun Example: That is a big building!Peter has a fast car. The adjective is always invariable. Example: beautiful trees, they are happy Take note of these important rules to follow when using this sentence pattern. Adjectives dont have a singular and plural form OR a masculine, feminine and neutral form.Adjectives are always the same! Never add a final –s to an adjective.Adjectives can also be placed at the end of a sentence if they describe the subject of a sentence. ​​Example: My doctor is excellent,  as opposed to  difficults  books, which is incorrect Adjectives Are Placed Before Noun Example: a wonderful book; very interesting people Note: Dont place an adjective after the noun Example: an apple red

BRAND MANAGEMENT AND RESEARCH Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

BRAND MANAGEMENT AND RESEARCH - Essay Example To be able to become a market leader it is vital to guide or, to a certain extent, control the customers. If the firm, by means of the obsolete portion of marketing theory, merely follows what the customers want, the brand will certainly, in the future, be surpassed in the market. The explanation is that unless there is a zero turnaround time, or the possibility of delivering immediately what is demanded for, the firm will fail to keep up (Nilson 2003). By the time the firm has created, manufactured and delivered what the customers requested for, they possibly have modified their preferences or a competitor may have by then introduced something into the marketplace satisfying the demand. Moreover, it is not possible for a customer to identify what a producer can offer. Merely listening to customers is to abandon the brand to the consumers and the management of the firm—and abandoning accountability is seldom a way to develop a strong brand identity, value, image, and positioni ng. The objective of this essay is to analyse in detail the McDonald’s brand in terms of its identity, value, image, and positioning. The Brand The significance of brand management is simply described by John Stewart, the CEO of Quaker Oats (Armstrong & Kotler 2007). He stated that â€Å"If this business split up I will give you all the bricks mortar and land and I would keep the brands and trademarks, and I would fare better than you† (Armstrong & Kotler 2007, 214). This evidently means that a strong brand can be more priceless than all the assets of a firm which make brand management very crucial. According to De Chernatony (2006), â€Å"a successful brand is an identifiable product, service, person or place, augmented in such a way that the buyer or user perceives relevant, unique, sustainable added values which match their needs most closely† (p. 13). A brand, in addition, can be defined as a system of signs and symbols that engages the customer in an invent ed or symbolic process that provides tangible value to a product or service (Kapferer 2008). The symbol of McDonald’s, which is an arching M, is only an M until every brand message has been sent or received by the potential customer. Herbert Rotfeld (2008) examines further the other abstract advantages and values branding can put in to a product or service. Similarly, Kapferer (2004) claimed that the brand is a mark whose objective is to express the hidden aspects of the product or service which are not readily available to the senses. McDonald’s is considered as one of the most popular brands across the globe. This essay will show how McDonald’s tries to constantly improve its brand by focusing on both its customers’ and brand owner’s perspectives. It also acknowledges the various stages in the branding and marketing process. Branding builds an identity and image for an organisation, product, or service. In particular, the brand image implies how customers distinguish or recognise the company. The mechanism of brand management will only be effective when a company performs and communicates itself in a trustworthy way (Nilson 2003). Techniques of marketing communication, such as advertising and promotions, are used to build brand identity, images, appeal, and methods which provide the brand its particular image (p. 49). This is represented at McDonald’s by its Golden Arches. The McDonald’s Brand McDonald’

Popular Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Popular Culture - Essay Example The basic ideas of structuralism are taken from the works of Saussure and his basic concept of language and parole. Saussure played a significant role by being able to distinguish parole (speech) and language. According to him, speech is the actual utterance made by an individual while language is the significant symbol of communication. Therefore, structuralism borrowed heavily from this important achievement. An individual who is not from the same culture might see the cultural festivals as acts of immorality, barbaric and at time a waste of important resources. On the other hand, the other people perceive it as an opportunity to enjoy and have fun. A person who understands the structure would be able to understand the meaning as to why people organize street party, why they are masquerading, and why people are in masks. For example, if one attends the Rio de Janeiro carnival, he/she can be tempted to join the carnival festival and enjoy with the rests of the attendants. A person who understands the culture would be able to know that it is a kind of religious festival that marks the beginning of the Easter festive season (Valdivia, 2004). Someone who does not understand the structure might fear that the people putting on masks are evil, but if one understands the culture, his/her personal view would be completely

Unseen Commentary Essay Example for Free

Unseen Commentary Essay Old mother and her mother-in-law have a poor relationship as they are unable to communicate with each other well. Old mother’s mother-in-law felt that Old Mother was ‘incapable’ of giving birth to males. Thus Old Mother’s mother-in-law deemed Old Mother as one who was infertile and unable to produce any male children to the family. Therefore showing that Old Mother’s mother-in-law looked down upon Old Mother as she did not have much confidence in Old Mother to achieve her mother-in-law’s expectations of a daughter-in-law. Old Mother calls her mother-in-law as ‘the old haughty one’. This implies that Old Mother’s mother-in-law was arrogant. Thus to call someone arrogant shows that the person is proud and snooty, therefore difficult to maintain a good relationship as Old Mother’s mother-in-law despises old Mother. Old Mother also describes her mother-in-law as one with a ‘poisonous tongue’. This shows that her mother-in-law often criticises Old mother and often, these criticism are hurtful. Hence, it is difficult to maintain a good relationship when there is constant criticism of each other and lack of respect for one another. Old mother and her sister-in-law have a strained relationship as they are faced with the competition of being the ideal daughter-in-law with the best children. Old Mother experienced ‘bitter humiliation’ from her sister-in-law. Thus Old Mother was embarrassed by sister-in-law as they both were competing for their other-in-law’s favour by having the healthiest sons. This shows that through the competition between the two, Old Mother’s sister-in-law had done some things to purposely disgrace Old Mother thus straining their relationship. Also, Old Mother describes her sister-in-law to be ‘as spiteful as a snake’. This shows that sister-in-law as mean to Old Mother and was unpleasant towards Old Mother. Thus showing the stiff competition in the family to produce healthy sons in which caused Old Mother and her sister-in-law to be mean to each other. Also, Old Mother made many comparisons between her sons and the sons of her sister-in-law’s. One comparison made was that Old mother’s three sons were ‘healthy boys’ while her sister-in-laws son was ‘a sickly puny one’. Therefore the rivalry between old mother and her sister-in-law had resulted in a strained relationship. The relationship between Old Mother’ mother-in-law and sister -in-law is similar to that of old Mother and her mother-in-law. But here, mother-in-law is less pleased with sister-in-law’s son who was thin and small. Mother-in-law ‘spoke sharply’ to Second sister-in-law as her son was small. This shows that mother-in-law was unsatisfied with Second sister-in-law for giving birth to such an unhealthy child. When mother-in-law compared Old Mother’s son with Second sister-in-law’s son, she ‘clucked her tongue in disapproval’. Thus shows that mother-in-law is disappointed that Second sister-in-law did not raise her son to be healthy. Thus resulting in mother-in-law to despise Second sister-in-law and criticising her. Also, Second sister-in-law became ‘silent with resentment’. This shows that Second sister-in-law is offended by mother-in-law’s comparison of old Mother’s and her sons. Thus with anger boiling up in Second sister-in-law, she is unable to maintain a good relationship with mother-in-law as it would always lead to the comparison of the sons. ii. Old Mother is competitive and loves to win which creates a sense of intimidation in the readers. Old Mother let out a ‘gleeful chuckle’ when she remembered how her son was much better than Second sister-in-law’s. Old Mother had made a comparison between Second sister-in-law’s son who was older than Old Mothers second son but was only half the size. Old mother was glad and had felt that she had victory over Second sister-in-law. Hus showing how winning can bring about pride to Old Mother, hence old mother is competitive and delights in winning. Old Mother ‘chuckled in malicious triumph’ when Second sister-in-law’s son was criticised by mother-in-law while Old mother was praised for taking good care of her son. Thus old Mother was competitive and was elated that mother-in-law was in her favour. But Old Mother’s triumph was malicious, which was hateful thus creating a sense of intimidation as Old Mother’s aggressiveness is rev ealed. Old Mother kept recollecting the past of her winning Second second-sister-in-law and when mother-in-law was pleased with her. Old Mother’s health is ailing as her health had deteriorated over the years. Old Mother’s was ‘once robust’ but now she is resting in a hospital. This shows that old Mother was not as healthy and strong as she used to be. Thus she needs the help of nurses to take care of her so that she could be comfortable. Old Mother had ‘shrunk pitiably’ shows that she became very weak and her health had worsened a lot and she had shrivelled up to a pitiful sate. Thus showing that old mother has lost her health and most probably had contracted a disease which led to her being shrunk to such a state. Old Mother was ‘not in pain’ as she rested in the hospital. This shows that old Mother is not feeling any pain as her health is getting worse. But it may also imply that Old Mother was in pain previously before entering the hospital. The writer used repetition to convey the feelings and impressions of Old Mother to me. The repeated use of the ‘old haughty one’ to describe mother-in-law by Old Mother shows how much Old Mother despises mother-in-law’s criticism towards her. The criticism by mother-in-law had caused old Mother to be motivated to bear healthy sons into the family so that it would please mother-in-law. Thus, by pleasing mother-in-law of producing three healthy sons, Old Mother has ‘won’ her competition against mother-in-law. Old mother also repeatedly remembers the times whereby mother-in-law compares her children with that of Second sister-in-law’s. These comparisons shows old Mother’s competitiveness as she feels the pride of winning Second sister-in-law by having the more ideal grandson.

Portrayal of Women in Homers Odyssey :: Homer Odyssey womody

The Odyssey:   Portrayal of Women How does Homer portray women in the epic, The Odyssey?   In order to answer this question you must look at woman and goddesses as two separate groups of "people".   This is because they are portrayed in tow separate ways.   You see, a regular woman like Penelope is looked at as beautiful but has very few rights.     Ã‚  Ã‚   If we first look at Penelope we see how beautiful she must be, because we know that she has a lot of suitors staying at her house and they all want to marry her.   It is not until later on that we find out how low in society mortal women are.   The first time this is shown is when Telemukus has to choose one of the suitors to be his mother's husband.   Now just think that a son has more power in this society than his own mother.   From Telemukus' stand point this must be a big moment for him because he is now looked at as a man, cause he has to choose a wife for his mother, but for Penelope, she must feel degraded and low.     Ã‚  Ã‚   On the other hand if you look at a goddess like Athena, "the gray eyed goddess," (many pages) who is actually running the show, she has much more power than many men do.   For instance she is able to convince Zeus, ruler of all gods, that Odysseus has suffered enough and to set him free.   Eventually Odysseus is set free over the demands of Poseidon.   You can also look at Calypso and see how this near goddess, nymph, has power.   This is shown as Odysseus is leaving and she asks him if he would want to be immortal in return for him staying with her forever.   This shows that she has power, more than many women, and can grant anyone immortality.   Homer also describes her as lucky, that she is beautiful, but you can tell that inside Calypso is very lonely.   This portrayal of Calypso is also seen is the song written by Susan Vega.   In this song Calypso is seen as a sad and lonely woman who is trapped on an island forever.

Concept of Long Term Care Essay

In this essay it explains how week one reading changes my concept of long term care. The essay will provide two examples of current events related to long-term care and how it has changed. The paper will focus on examples of current events related to long-term care, and how might these examples increase awareness. This paper will explain what are three long-term care populations evident in my local community and if I was aware of these evident. Long term care is a health and social service there to provides services such as assistance with everyday task, such as dressing, bathing and using the bathroom. After this week reading and discussion as a class on long-term care, I would say my concept has changed. I became more aware of the services provided in long-term care settings, also the individual who requires long-term care. People would think of long-term care only for elders, but the type of people need of long- term care can be from individual with chronic conditions, severe mental illness, and also developmental disabilities, automobile or sporting accident anymore can need long term care in life. Reading the week reading also explain Children, is always the type of people in need of long- term care to surprise me. Children born with developmental disabilities such as, Down syndrome affecting the brain, spinal cord, nervous system function causing them to need long- term care. Some of the current events related to long term care that happened, in the past three years increasing levels of violations staff physicians were not maintain on a 24 hour basis. Another current event related to long term care a staff at Crystal Care Center in Mansfield abuse a patient. The patient refuse to have oxygen fed to him through a nasal cannula, the nurse decide to tuck the sheet over the head of the patient. Patient abuse occurred in August 2010 but is rare in the state of Ohio but happens more often in long term care. These example increase awareness of long-term care having families monitor how a family member or friend treat, to see if medical care is provided with an appropriate level. In my community there are three long term care populations age 65 and older, individuals with disabilities and children. Seniors 65 and older is the biggest population in Arizona needing long term care services.

Leadership qualities Essay

This paper talks about testing in specifically psychometric testing that is used by employers in screening employees in the selection process at organizations. After a brief introduction to what psychometric is all about, it analyzes critically this method of choosing employees with respect also the disadvantages and advantages of this type of testing. The paper then concludes itself with discussion of the growth of psychometric testing in relation to its success factors leading on to the final concluding paragraph. INTRODUCTION Psychometric testing is being used for decades now, changing its forms while absorbing technological improvements. It is used as an essential element in the screening of employees at the workplace to thereby increase work effectiveness in terms of selection of the right candidate for the right job. Not only in the selection process, but this type of testing is also used in other areas namely, promotion, training, advisory services in terms of Human Resource management, planning and development. Psychometric testing is used as a tool for deciding upon the winning qualities of employees to get a better understanding of which employee to further develop upon and how, and which to spend different training resources on etc. This type of testing basically uses questionnaires that are made by professional test makers who also undertake analysis of the results with the help of an organizational psychologist. The verdict/s reached thereby is then considered final and accurate to a great extent. Psychometric tests have been categorized into: Ability tests, Motivation tests, Attitude and perception, Projective techniques (TAT), Personality inventories, Organizational climate surveys, Employee satisfaction surveys etc. (TVRLS, 2006) Psychometrics is the field of study belonging to the zone of psychometric testing, and is used as an indicator of measurement of abilities, attitude, perception, skills, personality traits including team playing, leadership qualities etc. The two major components of this type of study are: Construction of the method or procedure in testing and improving upon the qualities of the test in terms of analysis and judgment (Golombok, n. d. ). There are many other fields of study that are pertinent directly or indirectly to this type of testing. Firstly, there is the classical test theory (CTT) and item response theory (IRT). There is also the Rasch model that aims at the requirements when measuring educational and work indicators in terms of physical sciences. Secondly, in relation to correlation and finding out variation in the results there are many techniques including factor analysis, multidimensional scaling, data clustering, structural equation modelling, and path analysis. These few methods aim at finding out what data easily fits into the population that is being tested through a sample and how. (Hogan, 2006) Screening techniques in firms and organizations could range from traditional manual shifting of applications to sophisticated usage of psychometrics. Recruiters immensely make use of online resources or help search for criteria important in measuring the candidates’ qualification (Suff, 2005). Psychometric tests undertake the study of assessment in terms of psychological assessment of individual with respect to five criteria that each test possesses. These are: – Validity: measures what the test is supposed or has been designed to measure – Reliability: the results in the end are in line with the research that was taken and will not change if the test is undertaken again keeping certain factors constant – Standardisation: the instruments used in the test, timing, instructions, test items, scoring techniques are all same for each candidate – Objectivity: there is no deterring of results due to biases caused by subjective decisions or favouritism etc. There should hence be no variation in scores according to these criteria. – Differentiation: tests that have been undertaken have been designed to account for differences and the results should show no effect of the candidate’s personal traits and facts like ethnicity, religion, gender etc. (unless the test aims to measure these as a factor). (Dent & Curd, 2004) CRITICAL ANALYSIS The question that arises now is about the significance of these tests in our lives revolving around the workplace and in specific the corporate world. Psychometric testing is useful, yes but how can it be used, as a measure of success in employee selection, is the most important pointer here. Psychometric tests are used in assisting with the selection process to help predict future employee performance and hence to help in planning out the desired outcomes against these predictions. These tests are economical and efficient, and facilitate the test givers in the attainment of information quickly while cutting down on the money cost also. They are not prone to subjectivity biases when they are objective and hence aid in increasing fairness in decision-making. Apart from finding out the right person for the right job, these tests help recognize development needs, increase motivation and correct stress factors for employees which have a negative impact on their productivity levels if not removed or minimized. (Dent & Curd, 2004) Psychometric tests have evolved from the need to examine ability and resulting output in work situations. The two types of psychometric tests when broadly put, these being: As a measure of ability, verbal or numerical reasoning and as a measure of personality traits and work situations, and what leads to the correct or the best fit. Analysing the usage of tests carries utmost importance when it comes specifically to the choice in terms of what test is to be used in a given situation. This requires deep analysis of the kind of job at hand and then testing candidates to determine the kind of traits needed for that job. On measuring job performance the formula that needs to be remembered is skills + attitude + process + knowledge = Success! However useful this argument holds for psychometric tests, their validity and usage, as a tool in selection of employees is considered controversial also. The difficulty here lies in the fact that people who are being testes sometimes do not give their true answers and get prone to achievement of success with the formula given above, except that the attitudes, skills etc might just be their ideal states in their minds and not something that exists within them in real. This â€Å"lying† on the tests and hiding true meaning of their traits makes accurate judgments difficult and hinders the attainment of absolute fairness in decision-making. And this is also when frequently, psychometric tests are said to be not useful and prone to inaccurate collection of data and information. Hence in many organizations, the usefulness of these tests remains limited and is only to the extent of informing about the decision and not actually making it. Therefore, no matter how glittery the success formula looks, the inefficiency prone to this testing can rid an organization of valuable employees (those who had most probably not lied on the test). (Farrington, 2007) The ethical use of psychometric tests is also another factor that requires discussion in terms of a critical analysis of this topic under dissertation. It is highly essential that the information used by these tests is relevant to the purpose do study, is accurate and does not probe too much into the personal lives of the candidates so as to stay away from intrusion of their privacy. The test should undertake the tester’s competence, procedures and techniques used, and the client welfare to make sure that these guidelines corresponding to each is followed. The test users must be adequately qualified and trained. Results should not be leaked out or sold to any third parties or even other candidates and should only be available to the test takers who will need it to analyse and conclude the tests. Feedback needs to be offered to the people who have taken the test or the candidates to counter any negative effects of the test that was left on them. These tests should not discriminate against gender, race or ethnicity and even disability and age. All test materials need to be secured completely to ward off any unauthorized access to the information provided by these tests. A few of the common tests that are present, measure ability, aptitude, personality, interpersonal skills and relationship awareness etc. (Dent & Curd, 2004) With respect to the five criteria mentioned earlier, a study showed that where selection, assessment and training are concerned, cognitive ability tests and work samples were found out to be most valid. Also, the results of this study showed that interviews were most practical. Results from tests involving knowledge assessment, personality tests involving motivation, satisfaction etc showed that these were most popular with prospective employers. (Mok et al, 2008) CASES FOR PSYCHOMETRIC TESTS Psychometric testing provides organizations and any test givers a very commanding way of guaranteeing the selection and employment of the best candidates through their thorough analysis in terms of ability and preferred behavioural styles. Psychometric testing allows the pre-hiring screening becomes more popular because validity is a criterion that is usually always met and hence this form of testing becomes more preferred. Usually, it also includes IQ testing also along with personality test to enable the organization to gain valuable insight into the issue at hand. Time is saved, as prospective employees are able to learn constructive things that without psychometrics would have been very hard or time consuming to learn. The HR Department hence becomes a powerful unit as it realized true matching of the employee’s personality traits with the characteristics of the company. Financial benefits to the company have also been seen where psychometrics are involved in the process of hiring. Through the availability of technological advances like LAN and the Internet, companies are able to easily administer these tests also. Cost benefits are achieved as eventually companies in the best-case scenario able to learn which employees will stay with the company longer than the others. (Vaid, 2007) Some of the benefits provided by psychometric testing are: 1. Efficiency: psychometric testing improves efficiency in selection and decision-making when it comes to human resource recruitment. Most suitable candidates are hence chosen thereby making maximum use of time, cost and efficiency. 2. More informed recruitment decisions: objective information is provided by these tests to ensure the occurrence of an informed decision-making. 3. Aid to interviews: interviews do not provide all information necessary to conclude upon which candidates are best for that particular job. Hence these tests are highly useful to especially those recruiters who are not much proficient in testing or analyzing a candidate. 4. Tried and tested: these tests now have been offered by many agencies that are used for outsourcing these tests by companies. Also, companies themselves now use many different psychometric tests in the selection process today. 5. Business needs: these tests are in direct relation with the needs of human resource of organizations, and hence fit perfectly to the purpose of these organizations 6. Potential of an individual: an individual’s skills and attitudes along with perceptions are thoroughly weighed through these tests that are not provided by interviews as such. 7. For all levels of staff: these tests are even more helpful since they are appropriate enough to be used at all levels in the organization. 8. Easy to understand: these tests are easy to understand, as their language is unproblematic and simple. They also hence are not prone to discrimination against ethnicity, language or region when they follow the five effective criteria of testing as mentioned earlier in this paper. (Psychometric Testing, n. d. ) 9. Job profiling: this can be done even before the interview takes place, so that key skills and abilities for a particular position in the organization can be further made clear before interviewing the person about it. 10. Useful information: these tests help in providing useful and complete information as to how functional an employee will be in terms of performance in a particular position. (Oriel Training, n. d. ) 11. Professional: psychometric tests make the entire selection process look more formal and professional 12. Objectivity: it adds objectivity to the whole process. 13. Time saving: maximum amount of information is collected in minimum time. 14. Flexibility: due to the use of technology, tests are administered with more flexibility. 15. Self-awareness: when it comes to development of the employees, these tests can help point out the negative factors that should be erased and positive ones that need highlighting and promotion. 16. Cost-effectiveness: when used appropriately, they also provide cost advantages to the firm. (Vaid, 2007) CASE AGAINST PSYCHOMETRIC TESTING It is essential to make sure that the correct procedure in testing is followed including the process of selection, administration, feedback and analysis. Failure on the part of the test giver to do can result in ill communication and analysis often results leading to cynicism, anger, and dissatisfaction. Some of the disadvantages of psychometric testing are: Initial training can prove to be more expensive and costly, Provision of feedback is mostly deemed essential but can waste a lot of time, Uneasiness and resistance shown by the participants can hinder collection of true results. These tests need to be paired with some other form of assessment because complete reliance on them can prove to be not useful at all to the company. Lying or hiding of true information about oneself can result in portrayal of a false picture to the prospective employer, leading to making of false or inaccurate decisions on his/her part (Dent & Curd, 2004). It is very difficult for an untrained eye to find out which is the correct psychometric test to use and employ, due to the high availability of various types of tests in the market. This involved correct decision in terms of choosing the right test for that organization because if this is not done then the results will not be relevant to the organization and the issue at hand. There are many cases where people administering these tests are not qualified or have not been trained enough to correctly administer these tests, hence it is imperative that in order to get the maximum out of these tests, organizational psychology courses need to be offered for training of these test administrators. It should also be understood that these tests provide results that are not hundred percent valid and reliable, so as to not take the effect of many external factors can result in large negative consequences to the organization which is often the case. (Team Focus, 2004) SUCCESS FACTORS Many managers do not make good interviewer and this is where again psychometric testing comes in handy. Studies have shown that many managers and interviewers focus on their ‘gut feeling’ when it comes to hiring employees. Also, another important factor that they use is the candidate’s ability through his skills attained at School/ College etc. This is information; one can easily read off and understand through the Curriculum Vitae of that candidate. The success factor of psychometric testing comes in our discussion when we say that the question about whether a candidate is behaviourally fit in an organization is something whose answer lies in the analysis undertaken through psychometric testing. In other words, how well an employee according to psychometrics will be able to match his personality traits with characteristics of the organization; and how this will impact his performance inside the organization henceforth. (Lievens & Peeters, 2008) One type of psychometric test here exactly important to this kind of testing is the McQuaig System test which helps in outlining a behavioural profile of an employee with respect to the open position that candidate is applying for. Another success factor very essential to organizational development, is the basic fact that this outline can then be used to erase out the subjectivity biases attached to ‘gut feeling’ and help make out a prediction that is dependent on the technical ability of the candidate’s behavioural personality. There are various reasons for growth in the usage of psychometrics in the selection process. A few of these are: 1. Especially when they are hiring employees legal obligations and regulations are met through the use of psychometric tests as they are now being awarded a status that is obligatory to follow and be used by organizations. 2. Test results are now found to be more useful than before because they have been in use for years now. The varied political and cultural state of affairs that pertain to an organization has changed. Also, there has been a shift in the climate of these organizations, which have become more varied in terms of diversity in religions, cultures, ethnicity and so on. Tests hence when effectively designed and made help take these factors into account also. Equal employment opportunity is hence offered immensely well in most cases. 3. The costs of testing have decreased significantly because of the improved and increased use of Internet among many other technological advances. Computer based testing allows for flexibility, ease and quickness in adding up scores and summing up data probing organizations to indulge when more in such testing procedures 4. Human Resource policies are more formally and appropriately designed now to take into account a once much ignored resource- human resource. 5. Tests provide up-to-date information and when employing older employees, this becomes essential because then school qualification would prove to be outdated mostly. 6. Large organizations can use these tests to screen large number of applicants, who without the use of these tests and other computer based tests, would be almost humanly impossible to accomplish. (Psychometric success, n. d. ) CONCLUSION The use of tests, in particular those involving psychological analysis are here to stay as can be seen from their wide usage and growing popularity. It remains however the duty of the employers to ensure that they remain professional, ethical, valid and reliable. Training is an essential component o the success of the usage of these tests in an organization to better analyze and understand the results depicted by these tests. Employers while undertaking the administration of these tests need to take a few things in perspective. They should be clear about what they are measuring, what is the audience like, make sure that it is not indiscriminate towards any class etc., ensure proper training, provide adequate feedback, and also guarantee confidentiality of information, so that effectives can be reached along with success in usage of these tests. Effectiveness, all in all depends directly on giving importance to these factors just discussed so that any form of psychometric analysis is made productive. (Dent, & Curd, 2004) Bibliography Golombok, S. (n. d. ) Modern Psychometrics: The Science of Psychological Assessment. International Library of Psychology Hogan, T. (2006) Psychometric Testing: A practical introduction. Wiley. Dent, F. and Curd, J.(2004) Psychometric tests: an overview of an increasingly complex world [Internet] Available from: http://www. ashridge. org. uk/Website/IC. nsf/wFARATT/Psychometric%20Tests:%20An%20Overview%20of%20an%20Increasingly%20Complex%20World/$File/PsychometricTest. pdf [Accessed 19 December, 2008] Farrington, J. (2007) Psychometric Tests and Professional Salespeople- unhappy bedfellows [Internet] Available from: http://www. greatmanagement. org/articles/57/1/-Psychometric-Tests-And-Professional-Salespeople—Unhappy-Bedfellows/Page1. html [Accessed 19 December, 2008] Lievens, F.and Peeters, H. (2008) Impact of elaboration on responding to situational judgment test items [Online Library] Available from International Journal of Selection and Assessment. Dec2008, Vol. 16 Issue 4, p345-355 Mok, C. ; Wong, A. ; Lam, W. ; Baum, L. ; Ho, K. ; and Wong, L. (2008) A case-controlled study of cognitive progression in Chinese lacunar stroke patients [Online Library] Available from Clinical Neurology & Neurosurgery. Jul2008, Vol. 110 Issue 7, p649-656 Oriel Training (n. d. ) Key benefits of psychometric testing [Internet] Available from: http://www. orieltrain. com/KeyBenefitsofPsychometricTesting. htm [Accessed 19 December, 2008] Psychometric success (n. d. ) The growth of psychometric testing [Internet] available from: http://www. psychometric-success. com/psychometric-tests/psychometric-tests-advantages. htm [Accessed 19 December, 2008] Psychometric Testing (n. d. ) Exciting features [Internet] Available from: http://www. excitingfutures. com/psychometrictesting. htm [Accessed 19 December, 2008] Suff, R. (2005) First-line Filter [Online Library] Available from IRS Employment Review from: IRS Employment Review; 12/16/2005 Issue 837, p44-48 Team Focus (2004) Disadvantages of psychometric testing [Internet] Available from: http://www. teamfocus. co. uk/disadvantages_of_psychometric_testing. htm [Accessed 19 December, 2008] TVRLS (2006) Psychometric testing and climate surveys [Internet] Available from: http://www. tvrls. com/psychometric_testing_and_climate_surveys. html [Accessed 19 December, 2008] Vaid, R. (2007) Advantages of Psychometric testing [Internet] Available from HRD Test Products from: http://smarthiring. com/articles/articles/6/1/Advantages-of-Psychometric-Testing/Page1. html [Accessed 19 December, 2008]

Assembly Line essays

Assembly Line essays The modern moving assembly line stemming from Ford Motor Industries in the early twentieth century, transformed the nature of the national and world economies, of their forms of labor, lifestyles, and politics. In fact, the current capitalist market system owes its foundations largely to the implications of the assembly line. As John Allen notes, the Ford model implied four fundamental aspects of large-scale mass production: the moving assembly line, specialized machinery, high wages, and low-cost products. Each of these things in turn affected the way industrialized nations evolved and influenced world economic, political, and social policies. The assembly line model of labor replaced the traditional artisan or craft-based system of labor in which highly skilled persons completed particular tasks based on their training and education. Within the assembly line framework, workers no longer needed to be trained or educated; they simply performed routine tasks and essentially began to operate as cogs in a giant machine. The elimination of craft guilds and of family-based manufacturing was one of the major social changes concurrent with Fordism. This social change also entailed far-reaching and sweeping economic changes. Market economies like that of the United States became increasingly dependent on industry. Moreover, this led to increased governmental control of economic systems and policies, especially as monopolistic control of the market became a social, political, and economic Furthermore, the intervention of government into labor and economics arose out of the basic economic and social needs of individual workers. For example, one of the side-effects of the assembly line model was mass unemployment, which under the craft system rarely occurred because of the naturally piecemeal nature of the work. In fact, modern factories created the concept of "employment," and the a...